Derived from Ancient Greek ἐμπάθεια, the term “empathy” found its way into English via German in the early twentieth century (Stueber 2008/2019), where it had come to mean “feeling into”. In everyday English, this is likely the meaning that would come to mind first. More formal definitions often distinguish an affective and a cognitive component (Stueber 2008/2019). Empathy permeates translation and interpreting, as these practices involve other minds and can also be considered interpersonal. The pervasiveness of “empathy” is not yet echoed in the number of publications that employ the term or its equivalents in other languages, but recent years have seen an uptick in the literature, as reflected in the specialized Bibliographies of translation studies. When used in Translation and Interpreting Studies (TIS), “empathy” describes a particular relation that is established, or should be established, between actors (see Agents of translation) and elements of the more widely understood interpreting and Translation process (as conceived of in the Theory of translatorial action, the Cultural approaches and the Sociology of translation). Relationships covered in the literature as empathetic are those between the translator/interpreter and: 1. the source text/original (see Original and translation), including the real or fictional people who populate its world, the ideas it contains and its message; 2. the source text author (see Author and translator)/original writer) or the speaker; 3. the (actual, explicit or imagined, implicit) audience of the translation or the participants in an interpreted event. Other relationships mentioned in connection with empathy not centered on the translator/interpreter include those between the narrator of a translated text and the events/characters in that text (Abualadas 2018); or the relationship between the audience of the translation and a marginalized/oppressed group or a cause given voice across space and/or time in the translation or interpretation.